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set

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Category: containers Component type: type

Description

Set is a SortedAssociativeContainer that stores objects of type Key. Set is a SimpleAssociativeContainer, meaning that its value type, as well as its key type, is Key. It is also a UniqueAssociativeContainer, meaning that no two elements are the same.

Set and multiset are particularly well suited to the set algorithms includes, set_union, set_intersection, set_difference, and set_symmetric_difference. The reason for this is twofold. First, the set algorithms require their arguments to be sorted ranges, and, since set and multiset are SortedAssociativeContainer, their elements are always sorted in ascending order. Second, the output range of these algorithms is always sorted, and inserting a sorted range into a set or multiset is a fast operation: the UniqueSortedAssociativeContainer and MultipleSortedAssociativeContainer requirements guarantee that inserting a range takes only linear time if the range is already sorted.

Set has the important property that inserting a new element into a set does not invalidate iterators that point to existing elements. Erasing an element from a set also does not invalidate any iterators, except, of course, for iterators that actually point to the element that is being erased.

Example

struct ltstr
{
  bool operator()(const char* s1, const char* s2) const
  {
    return strcmp(s1, s2) < 0;
  }
};

int main()
{
  const int N = 6;
  const char* a[N] = {"isomer", "ephemeral", "prosaic", 
                      "nugatory", "artichoke", "serif"};
  const char* b[N] = {"flat", "this", "artichoke",
                      "frigate", "prosaic", "isomer"};

  set<const char*, ltstr> A(a, a + N);
  set<const char*, ltstr> B(b, b + N);
  set<const char*, ltstr> C;

  cout << "Set A: ";
  copy(A.begin(), A.end(), ostream_iterator<const char*>(cout, " "));
  cout << endl;
  cout << "Set B: ";
  copy(B.begin(), B.end(), ostream_iterator<const char*>(cout, " "));   
  cout << endl;

  cout << "Union: ";
  set_union(A.begin(), A.end(), B.begin(), B.end(),
            ostream_iterator<const char*>(cout, " "),
            ltstr());   
  cout << endl;

  cout << "Intersection: ";
  set_intersection(A.begin(), A.end(), B.begin(), B.end(),
                   ostream_iterator<const char*>(cout, " "),
                   ltstr());    
  cout << endl;

  set_difference(A.begin(), A.end(), B.begin(), B.end(),
                 insert_iterator(C, C.begin()),
                 ltstr());
  cout << "Set C (difference of A and B): ";
  copy(C.begin(), C.end(), ostream_iterator<const char*>(cout, " "));
  cout << endl;
}

Definition

Defined in the standard header set, and in the nonstandard backward-compatibility header set.h.

Template parameters

Parameter Description Default
Key The set's key type and value type. This is also defined as set::key_type and set::value_type  
Compare The key comparison function, a StrictWeakOrdering whose argument type is key_type; it returns true if its first argument is less than its second argument, and false otherwise. This is also defined as set::key_compare and set::value_compare. less<Key>
Alloc The set's allocator, used for all internal memory management. Allocators

Model of

UniqueSortedAssociativeContainer, SimpleAssociativeContainer

Type requirements

Public base classes

None.

Members

Member Where defined Description
value_type Container The type of object, T, stored in the set.
key_type AssociativeContainer The key type associated with value_type.
key_compare SortedAssociativeContainer functors that compares two keys for ordering.
value_compare SortedAssociativeContainer functors that compares two values for ordering.
pointer Container Pointer to T.
reference Container Reference to T
const_reference Container Const reference to T
size_type Container An unsigned integral type.
difference_type Container A signed integral type.
iterator Container Iterator used to iterate through a set.
const_iterator Container Const iterator used to iterate through a set. (Iterator and const_iterator are the same type.)
reverse_iterator ReversibleContainer Iterator used to iterate backwards through a set.
const_reverse_iterator ReversibleContainer Const iterator used to iterate backwards through a set. (Reverse_iterator and const_reverse_iterator are the same type.)
iterator begin() const Container Returns an iterator pointing to the beginning of the set.
iterator end() const Container Returns an iterator pointing to the end of the set.
reverse_iterator rbegin() const ReversibleContainer Returns a reverse_iterator pointing to the beginning of the reversed set.
reverse_iterator rend() const ReversibleContainer Returns a reverse_iterator pointing to the end of the reversed set.
size_type size() const Container Returns the size of the set.
size_type max_size() const Container Returns the largest possible size of the set.
bool empty() const Container true if the set's size is 0.
key_compare key_comp() const SortedAssociativeContainer Returns the key_compare object used by the set.
value_compare value_comp() const SortedAssociativeContainer Returns the value_compare object used by the set.
set() Container Creates an empty set.
set(const key_compare& comp) SortedAssociativeContainer Creates an empty set, using comp as the key_compare object.
template <class InputIterator>
set(InputIterator f, InputIterator l)
[1]
UniqueSortedAssociativeContainer Creates a set with a copy of a range.
template <class InputIterator>
set(InputIterator f, InputIterator l,
    const key_compare& comp)
[1]
UniqueSortedAssociativeContainer Creates a set with a copy of a range, using comp as the key_compare object.
set(const set&) Container The copy constructor.
set& operator=(const set&) Container The assignment operator
void swap(set&) Container Swaps the contents of two sets.
pair<iterator, bool>
insert(const value_type& x)
UniqueAssociativeContainer Inserts x into the set.
iterator insert(iterator pos, 
                const value_type& x)
UniqueSortedAssociativeContainer Inserts x into the set, using pos as a hint to where it will be inserted.
template <class InputIterator>
void insert(InputIterator, InputIterator)
[1]
UniqueSortedAssociativeContainer Inserts a range into the set.
void erase(iterator pos) AssociativeContainer Erases the element pointed to by pos.
size_type erase(const key_type& k) AssociativeContainer Erases the element whose key is k.
void erase(iterator first, iterator last) AssociativeContainer Erases all elements in a range.
void clear() AssociativeContainer Erases all of the elements.
iterator find(const key_type& k) const AssociativeContainer Finds an element whose key is k.
size_type count(const key_type& k) const UniqueAssociativeContainer Counts the number of elements whose key is k.
iterator lower_bound(const key_type& k) const SortedAssociativeContainer Finds the first element whose key is not less than k.
iterator upper_bound(const key_type& k) const SortedAssociativeContainer Finds the first element whose key greater than k.
pair<iterator, iterator> 
equal_range(const key_type& k) const
SortedAssociativeContainer Finds a range containing all elements whose key is k.
bool operator==(const set&, 
                const set&)
ForwardContainer Tests two sets for equality. This is a global function, not a member function.
bool operator<(const set&, 
               const set&)
ForwardContainer Lexicographical comparison. This is a global function, not a member function.

New members

All of set's members are defined in the UniqueSortedAssociativeContainer and SimpleAssociativeContainer requirements. Set does not introduce any new members.

Notes

[1] This member function relies on member template functions, which at present (early 1998) are not supported by all compilers. If your compiler supports member templates, you can call this function with any type of InputIterator. If your compiler does not yet support member templates, though, then the arguments must either be of type const value_type* or of type set::const_iterator.

See also

AssociativeContainer, SortedAssociativeContainer, SimpleAssociativeContainer, UniqueSortedAssociativeContainer, Map, multiset, Multimap, hash_set, hash_map, hash_multiset, hash_multimap

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